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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikcstroy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник НИЦ «Строительство»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-9494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3938</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/2224-9494-2022-4(35)-174-185</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikcstroy-286</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И ИЗДЕЛИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы хлоридной коррозии стальной арматуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chloride corrosion of reinforcing steel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Розенталь</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozental</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Константинович Розенталь, д-р техн. наук, профессор кафедры «Строительные сооружения, конструкции и материалы»</p><p>2-я Институтская ул., д. 6, г. Москва, 109428</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai K. Rozental, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor, Department of «Buildings, Structures, and Materials»</p><p>2nd Institutskaya st., 6, Moscow, 109428</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чехний</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekhnii</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Васильевна Чехний, канд. техн. наук, заведующий сектором коррозии бетона лабораториикоррозии и долговечности бетонных и железобетонных конструкций</p><p>2-я Институтская ул., д. 6, к. 5, г. Москва, 109428</p><p>тел.: +7 (499) 174-76-97</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Chekhnii, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Section Head, Concrete Corrosion Section of Laboratoryof Corrosion and Durability of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures</p><p>2nd Institutskaya str., 6, bld. 5, Moscow, 109428</p><p>tel.: +7 (499) 174-76-97</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chehniy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC Research Center of Construction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт бетона и железобетона (НИИЖБ) им. А.А. Гвоздева АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete (NIIZHB) named after A.A. Gvozdev, JSC Research Center of Construction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>185</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Розенталь Н.К., Чехний Г.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Розенталь Н.К., Чехний Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rozental N.K., Chekhnii G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/286">https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/286</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Многолетний опыт обследования коррозионного состояния железобетонных конструкций показывает, что одно из наиболее опасных воздействий на железобетонные конструкции оказывают хлоридные среды.</p><p>Вопросу агрессивного воздействия солей хлоридов на стальную арматуру посвящено большое число отечественных и зарубежных публикаций. Тем не менее вопрос о защите от хлоридной коррозии до настоящего времени остается актуальным.</p><p>Цель работы – анализ состояния вопроса по указанной проблеме с оценкой методов определения содержания хлоридов в бетоне и предложение способов повышения защитного действия бетона в агрессивных хлоридных средах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В настоящей статье рассмотрены вопросы:</p><p>– максимально допустимого содержания хлоридов в бетоне;</p><p>– связывания хлоридов компонентами цементного камня, роли минералогического состава цемента;</p><p>– критической оценки методов определения содержания хлоридов в бетоне;</p><p>– снижения диффузионной проницаемости бетона для хлоридов как метода защиты от коррозии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Приведены результаты испытаний во влажной атмосфере армированного бетона, приготовленного на портландцементах с различным содержанием алита, белита и трехкальциевого алюмината c введением в бетон различного количества добавки СаСl2.</p><p>Указано на трудности определения агрессивных к стальной арматуре свободных хлоридов, не связанных цементным камнем. Поставлен вопрос о необходимости разработки стандарта на метод определения свободных хлоридов в бетоне. До разработки такого стандарта агрессивность хлоридов к стали в бетоне можно оценивать электрохимическим методом.</p><p>Показано, что в качестве меры защиты от хлоридной коррозии могут использоваться бетоны особо низкой диффузионной проницаемости, получаемые с помощью современных комплексных добавок, понижающих водопотребность бетонных смесей и изменяющих заряд поверхности цементного камня.</p><p>Приведены результаты электрохимического метода определения потенциалов стали в бетоне, колориметрического метода определения хлоридов в бетоне, метода определения диффузионной проницаемости хлоридов в бетоне.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Коррозионная активность хлоридов по отношению к стальной арматуре зависит от большого числа факторов, в том числе от общего содержания хлоридов, количества свободных, физически и химически связанных хлоридов и других факторов.</p><p>Для оценки степени опасности хлоридов, вносимых в бетон с исходными материалами, учитывая зависимость связывания хлоридов от большого числа технологических факторов, целесообразно выполнять электрохимические испытания стальной арматуры в бетоне согласно ГОСТ 31383 и на основании полученных результатов принимать решение о мерах защиты стальной арматуры в хлоридных средах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Many years of experience in examining corrosion conditions show the dangerous adverse effects of chloride media on reinforced concrete structures.</p><p>Although a large number of domestic and foreign publications have been devoted to the aggressive action of chloride salts on reinforcing steel, protection against chloride corrosion remains a relevant issue.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. In this work, the state of this problem, along with the methods for determining the chloride content in concrete, was assessed in order to propose the means to increase its protective action in aggressive chloride media.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This article discusses the following issues:</p><p>– maximum permissible chloride content in concrete;</p><p>– binding of chlorides by components in the matrix, the role of the mineral composition of cement;</p><p>– critical evaluation of methods for determining the chloride content in concrete;</p><p>– reduction of the diffusion permeability of chlorides in concrete as a method of corrosion protection.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The article presents the data on moisture tests of reinforced concrete prepared using Portland cement having various contents of alite, belite, and tricalcium aluminate, as well as CaCl2 additive.</p><p>Indicated were the challenges of identifying aggressive free chlorides in the matrix. The need to develop a standard method for determining free chlorides in concrete was discussed. Until such a standard is developed, the chloride aggressiveness to steel in concrete can be assessed by the electrochemical method. It was shown that concretes of extremely low diffusion permeability obtained using advanced complex additives that reduce the water demand of concrete mixtures and change the charge of the matrix surface can be used as a protection measure against chloride corrosion.</p><p>Presented are the results of determining the potentials of steel in concrete by electrochemical method, chlorides in concrete by colorimetric method, and diffusion permeability of chlorides in concrete.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The corrosion activity of chlorides against reinforcing steel depends on a large number of factors, including the total chloride content and the amount of free, physically, and chemically bound chlorides.</p><p>Since chloride binding depends on a large number of technological factors, it is recommended to perform electrochemical tests of reinforcing steel in concrete as per GOST 31383 to assess the hazard level of chlorides introduced into concrete with initial materials; a decision on the protective measures for reinforcing steel in chloride environments should be made on the basis of the obtained results.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бетон</kwd><kwd>стальная арматура</kwd><kwd>хлоридная коррозия</kwd><kwd>критическое содержание хлоридов</kwd><kwd>свободные хлориды</kwd><kwd>связанные хлориды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>concrete</kwd><kwd>reinforcing steel</kwd><kwd>chloride corrosion</kwd><kwd>critical chloride content</kwd><kwd>free chlorides</kwd><kwd>combined chlorides</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев С.Н., Ратинов В.Б., Розенталь Н.К., Кашурников Н.М. 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