<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikcstroy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник НИЦ «Строительство»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-9494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3938</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/2224-9494-2025-1(44)-84-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NJKEPF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikcstroy-514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ, ЗДАНИЯ И СООРУЖЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS, BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Закономерности распределения влажности в слоистой структуре материалов конструкций объектов культурного наследия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moisture distribution patterns of layered structural materials in cultural heritage objects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шейкин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheikin</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Валерьевич Шейкин*, начальник сектора диагностики влажностного и структурного состояния конструкций; аспирант</p><p>Школьная ул., д. 24, г. Москва, 109544, Российская Федерация; 2-я Институтская ул., д. 6, к. 1, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: evg.sheykin@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Sheikin*, Sectoral Head, Sector for Diagnostics of Moisture and Structural Condition of Structures; Postgraduate Student</p><p>Shkolnaya str., bld. 24, Moscow, 109544, Russian Federation; 2nd Institutskaya str., 6, bld. 1, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: evg.sheykin@gmail.com</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Федоровна Степанова, научный руководитель лаборатории коррозии и долговечности бетонных и железобетонных конструкций</p><p>2-я Институтская ул., д. 6, к. 5, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: vfstepanova@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina F. Stepanova, Deputy Head for Research, Laboratory of Corrosion and Durability of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures</p><p>2nd Institutskaya str., 6, bld. 5, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: vfstepanova@mail.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральные научно-реставрационные проектные мастерские; АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Scientific and Restoration Project Workshops; JSC Research Center of Construction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт бетона и железобетона (НИИЖБ) им. А.А. Гвоздева АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete named after A.A. Gvozdev, JSC Research Center of Construction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шейкин Е.В., Степанова В.Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шейкин Е.В., Степанова В.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sheikin E.V., Stepanova V.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/514">https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/514</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье рассмотрены особенности распределения влаги в слоистой структуре материалов конструкций объектов культурного наследия. Распределение влаги в пористом материале определяется геометрией порового пространства, поскольку более узкий капилляр отсасывает влагу из более широкого. Исследование характера распределения влажности в слоистой структуре материалов конструкций объектов культурного наследия показывает, что эта закономерность достаточно часто не соблюдается.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявление степени распространенности и причины нарушения физических закономерностей распределения влаги в слоистой структуре материалов конструкций объектов культурного наследия.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Представленные исследования получены на основе результатов проведенных авторами испытаний более 2500 образцов материалов из 24 памятников архитектуры разного времени и локаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ распределения влажности в 413 горизонтальных сечениях на глубину до 50–65 см показывает, что практически в половине случаев направление изменения показателей влажности и среднего размера пор совпадает, что противоречит предполагаемым физическим закономерностям. Высказывается предположение, согласно которому подобное нарушение закономерностей может быть вызвано развитием в исторических конструкциях пустотности, в результате чего формирование влажностных режимов на отдельных участках кладки может формироваться независимо. Для проверки данного предположения была проведена оценка степени пустотности материалов на основании прямых и косвенных показателей. Результаты оценки показали, что в большинстве случаев на участках с предполагаемым нарушением физических закономерностей наблюдаются признаки развитой пустотности. Более того, расширенная оценка в формате всех материалов показала наличие признаков пустотности даже на участках с визуально читаемым «противоходом».</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. На основе проведенного анализа показано, что характер распределения влажности в слоистой структуре материалов конструкций объектов культурного наследия в первую очередь определяется не столько свойствами самих материалов, сколько развитой пустотностью.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article examines patterns of moisture distribution in the layered structural materials of cultural heritage objects. The distribution of moisture in a porous material is determined by the geometry of the pore space, since a narrower capillary sucks moisture from a wider one. However, studies of the moisture distribution in the layered structure of materials used for the construction of cultural heritage objects shows that this pattern is often absent.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To identify the prevalence degree and causes for violation of patterns of moisture distribution in the layered structural materials of cultural heritage objects.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The presented study includes the results of tests conducted by the authors using more than 2500 samples of materials from 24 architectural monuments of different periods and locations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An analysis of the moisture distribution in 413 horizontal sections to a depth of 50–65 cm shows the directions of change in the moisture content and average pore size coinciding in almost half of the cases; however, this contradicts the assumed patterns. We suggest that such a violation of the patterns may be caused by the development of voids in historical structures. Due to these voids, humidity modes may develop independently in individual sections of the masonry. To test this assumption, we have assessed the void degree of materials using both direct and indirect indicators. The assessment results have showed that areas with suspected violations of moisture distribution patterns predominantly have developed voids. Moreover, an extended assessment of all materials has proved the presence of voids even in areas with a visually identified counter-flow.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The conducted analysis has demonstrated the pattern of moisture distribution in the layered structural materials of cultural heritage objects to be determined by developed voids rather than by the properties of materials themselves.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>распределение влажности</kwd><kwd>размер пор</kwd><kwd>микрокерны</kwd><kwd>сорбционные характеристики</kwd><kwd>слоистые материалы</kwd><kwd>исторические конструкции</kwd><kwd>объекты культурного наследия</kwd><kwd>пустотность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>moisture distribution</kwd><kwd>pore size</kwd><kwd>microcores</kwd><kwd>sorption characteristics</kwd><kwd>layered materials</kwd><kwd>historical structures</kwd><kwd>cultural heritage objects</kwd><kwd>void factor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Bost M., Pouya A., Guédon S.&lt;/i&gt; Influence du réseau poreux sur l’altération par le gel des massifs calcaires fractures. Revue Française de Géotechnique. 2010;133:3–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2010133003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Bost M., Pouya A., Guédon S.&lt;/i&gt; Influence du réseau poreux sur l’altération par le gel des massifs calcaires fractures. Revue Française de Géotechnique. 2010;133:3–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2010133003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Sallese M., Torga J., Morel E., Budini N., Urteaga R.&lt;/i&gt; Optical coherence tomography measurement of capillary filling in porous silicon. Journal of Applied Physics. 2020;128(2):024701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5145270</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Sallese M., Torga J., Morel E., Budini N., Urteaga R.&lt;/i&gt; Optical coherence tomography measurement of capillary filling in porous silicon. Journal of Applied Physics. 2020;128(2):024701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5145270</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Лыков М.В.&lt;/i&gt; Теория сушки. Москва: Энергия; 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Lykov M.V.&lt;/i&gt; Drying theory. Moscow: Energiya Publ.; 1968. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Gruener S., Sadjadi Z., Hermes H.E., Kityk A.V., Knorr K., Egelhaaf S.U., Rieger H., Huber P.&lt;/i&gt; Anomalous front broadening during spontaneous imbibition in a matrix with elongated pores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012;109(26):10245–10250. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119352109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Gruener S., Sadjadi Z., Hermes H.E., Kityk A.V., Knorr K., Egelhaaf S.U., Rieger H., Huber P.&lt;/i&gt; Anomalous front broadening during spontaneous imbibition in a matrix with elongated pores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012;109(26):10245–10250. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1119352109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Rieger H., Thome C., Sadjadi Z.&lt;/i&gt; Meniscus arrest dominated imbibition front roughening in porous media with elongated pores. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2015;638:012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/638/1/012007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Rieger H., Thome C., Sadjadi Z.&lt;/i&gt; Meniscus arrest dominated imbibition front roughening in porous media with elongated pores. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2015;638:012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/638/1/012007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Sadjadi Z., Jung M., Seemann R., Rieger H.&lt;/i&gt; Meniscus arrest during capillary rise in asymmetric microfluidic pore junctions. Langmuir. 2015;31(8):2600–2608. https://doi.org/10.1021/la504149r</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Sadjadi Z., Jung M., Seemann R., Rieger H.&lt;/i&gt; Meniscus arrest during capillary rise in asymmetric microfluidic pore junctions. Langmuir. 2015;31(8):2600–2608. https://doi.org/10.1021/la504149r</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Sadjadi Z., Rieger H.&lt;/i&gt; Scaling theory for spontaneous imbibition in random networks of elongated pores. Physical Review Letters. 2013;110(14). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.110.144502</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Sadjadi Z., Rieger H.&lt;/i&gt; Scaling theory for spontaneous imbibition in random networks of elongated pores. Physical Review Letters. 2013;110(14). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.110.144502</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Mehrabian H., Gao P., Feng J.J.&lt;/i&gt; Wicking flow through microchannels. Physics of Fluids. 2011;23(12). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3671739</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Mehrabian H., Gao P., Feng J.J.&lt;/i&gt; Wicking flow through microchannels. Physics of Fluids. 2011;23(12). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3671739</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Shokri N., Lehmann P., Or D.&lt;/i&gt; Evaporation from layered porous media. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2010;115(B6). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006743</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Shokri N., Lehmann P., Or D.&lt;/i&gt; Evaporation from layered porous media. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2010;115(B6). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006743</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Pillai K.M., Prat M., Marcoux M.&lt;/i&gt; A study on slow evaporation of liquids in a dual-porosity porous medium using square network model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2009;52(7–8):1643–1656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.10.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Pillai K.M., Prat M., Marcoux M.&lt;/i&gt; A study on slow evaporation of liquids in a dual-porosity porous medium using square network model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2009;52(7–8):1643–1656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.10.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Шейкин Е.В.&lt;/i&gt; Исследование влажностного режима конструкций памятников архитектуры методом отбора микрокернов. В: Исследования в консервации культурного наследия. Материалы Международной научно-методической конференции. Вып. 5. Москва: Принт; 2019, с. 287–302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Sheikin E.V.&lt;/i&gt; Study of the humidity regime of architectural monument structures using the microcore sampling method. In: Research in the conservation of cultural heritage. Proceedings of the International scientific and methodological conference. Issue 5. Moscow: Print Publ.; 2019, pp. 287–302. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 5802-86. Растворы строительные. Методы испытаний. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Standard 5802-86. Mortars. Test methods. Moscow: Standartinform Publ.; 2018. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 12730.2-2020. Бетоны. Метод определения влажности. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Standard 12730.2-2020. Concretes. Method of determination of moisture content. Moscow: Standartinform Publ.; 2010. (In Russian).2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 5180-2015. Грунты. Методы лабораторного определения физических характеристик. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Standard 5180-2015. Soils. Laboratory methods for determination of physical characteristics. Moscow: Standartinform Publ.; 2016. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 33028-2014. Дороги автомобильные общего пользования. Щебень и гравий из горных пород. Определение влажности. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Standard 33028-2014. Automobile roads of general use. Crushed stone and gravel from rocks. Determination of moisture. Moscow: Standartinform Publ.; 2016. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 7025-91. Кирпич и камни керамические и силикатные. Методы определения водопоглощения, плотности и контроля морозостойкости. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Standard 7025-91. Ceramic and calcium silicate bricks and stones. Methods for water absorption and density determination and frost resistance control. Moscow: Standartinform Publ.; 2006. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Koroth S.R.&lt;/i&gt; Evaluation and Improvement of Frost Durability of Clay Bricks [PhD thesis]. Montreal Canada: Concordian Univeristy; 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Koroth S.R.&lt;/i&gt; Evaluation and Improvement of Frost Durability of Clay Bricks [PhD thesis]. Montreal Canada: Concordian Univeristy; 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Vieira A.W., Innocentini M.D. de M., Mendes E., Gomes T., Demarch A., Montedo O.R.K., Angioletto E.&lt;/i&gt; Comparison of Methods for Determining the Water Absorption of Glazed Porcelain Stoneware Ceramic Tiles. Materials Research. 2017;20(suppl 2):637–643. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Vieira A.W., Innocentini M.D. de M., Mendes E., Gomes T., Demarch A., Montedo O.R.K., Angioletto E.&lt;/i&gt; Comparison of Methods for Determining the Water Absorption of Glazed Porcelain Stoneware Ceramic Tiles. Materials Research. 2017;20(suppl 2):637–643. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt; Wilson M.A., Carter M.A., Hoff W.D.&lt;/i&gt; British standard and RILEM water absorption tests: A critical evaluation. Materials and Structures. 1999;32(8):571–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02480491</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Wilson M.A., Carter M.A., Hoff W.D.&lt;/i&gt; British standard and RILEM water absorption tests: A critical evaluation. Materials and Structures. 1999;32(8):571–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02480491</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Сизов Б.Т.&lt;/i&gt; Сохранение памятников из камня на открытом воздухе [диссертация]. Москва; 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Sizov B.T.&lt;/i&gt; Preservation of Stone Monuments in the Open Air [Dissertation]. Moscow; 1998. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 24816-81. Материалы строительные. Метод определения сорбционной влажности. Москва: Издательство стандартов; 1981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Standard 24816-81. Building materials. Method of hygroscopic moisture determination. Moscow: Publishing House of Standards; 1981. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ 24816-2014. Материалы строительные. Метод определения равновесной сорбционной влажности. Москва: Стандартинформ; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Standard 24816-2014. Building materials. Method of equilibrium hygroscopic moisture determination. Moscow: Standartinform Publ.; 2015. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Терещенко А.Г.&lt;/i&gt; Относительная влажность воздуха над насыщенными растворами солей. Достоверность данных. Томск: Томский политехнический университет; 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Tereshchenko A.G.&lt;/i&gt; Relative Air Humidity over Saturated Salt Solutions. Data Reliability. Tomsk: Tomsk Polytechnic University; 2010. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Rigbey S.&lt;/i&gt; The effect of sorbed water on expansivity and durability of rock aggregates [Thesis]. Ontario: University of Windsor; 1980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Rigbey S.&lt;/i&gt; The effect of sorbed water on expansivity and durability of rock aggregates [Thesis]. Ontario: University of Windsor; 1980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Rogers C.A.&lt;/i&gt; The effect of de-icing agents on water adsorption phenomena in rock aggregates [Master Thesis]. Ontario: University of Windsor; 1977.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Rogers C.A.&lt;/i&gt; The effect of de-icing agents on water adsorption phenomena in rock aggregates [Master Thesis]. Ontario: University of Windsor; 1977.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Sawdy A.&lt;/i&gt; The kinetics of salt weathering of porous materials. Stone monuments and wall paintings [PhD Thesis]. London: Institute of Archaeology University College; 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Sawdy A.&lt;/i&gt; The kinetics of salt weathering of porous materials. Stone monuments and wall paintings [PhD Thesis]. London: Institute of Archaeology University College; 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Pimienta L., Fortin J., Guéguen Y.&lt;/i&gt; Investigation of elastic weakening in limestone and sandstone samples from moisture adsorption. Geophysical Journal International. 2014;199(1):335–347. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Pimienta L., Fortin J., Guéguen Y.&lt;/i&gt; Investigation of elastic weakening in limestone and sandstone samples from moisture adsorption. Geophysical Journal International. 2014;199(1):335–347. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Yurikov A., Lebedev M., Gor G.Y., Gurevich B.&lt;/i&gt; Sorption-Induced Deformation and Elastic Weakening of Bentheim Sandstone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2018;123(10):8589–8601. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Yurikov A., Lebedev M., Gor G.Y., Gurevich B.&lt;/i&gt; Sorption-Induced Deformation and Elastic Weakening of Bentheim Sandstone. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 2018;123(10):8589–8601. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Bourgès Ann.&lt;/i&gt; Holistic correlation of physical and mechanical properties of selected natural stones for assessing durability and weathering in the natural environment. München: Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Bourgès Ann.&lt;/i&gt; Holistic correlation of physical and mechanical properties of selected natural stones for assessing durability and weathering in the natural environment. München: Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität; 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Карнаухов А.П.&lt;/i&gt; Адсорбция. Текстура дисперсных и пористых материалов. Новосибирск: Наука; 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;i&gt;Karnaukhov A.P.&lt;/i&gt; Adsorption. Texture of dispersed and porous materials. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ.; 1999. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
