vestnikcstroyВестник НИЦ «Строительство»Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction2224-94942782-3938АО «НИЦ «Строительство»10.37538/2224-9494-2025-2(45)-122-134CORCOIvestnikcstroy-535Research ArticleОСНОВАНИЯ И ФУНДАМЕНТЫ, ПОДЗЕМНЫЕ СООРУЖЕНИЯFOUNDATIONS, UNDERGROUND STRUCTURESМеханизм разрушения слоистых материалов исторических конструкций объектов культурного наследияFracture mechanisms of layered materials in structures of cultural heritage objectsШейкинЕ. В.SheikinE. V.

Евгений Валерьевич Шейкин*, начальник сектора диагностики влажностного и структурного состояния конструкций, Центральные научно-реставрационные проектные мастерские; соискатель, АО «НИЦ «Строительство», Москва

Школьная ул., д. 24, г. Москва, 109544, Российская Федерация; 2-я Институтская ул., д. 6, к. 1, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация

e-mail: evg.sheykin@gmail.com 

Evgenii V. Sheikin*, Sectoral Head, Sector for Diagnostics of Moisture and Structural Condition of Structures, Central Scientific and Restoration Project Workshops; Applicant, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow

Shkolnaya str., bld. 24, Moscow, 109544, Russian Federation; 2nd Institutskaya st., 6, bld. 1, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation

e-mail: evg.sheykin@gmail.com 

СтепановаВ. Ф.StepanovaV. F.

Валентина Федоровна Степанова, научный руководитель лаборатории коррозии и долговечности бетонных и железобетонных конструкций, НИИЖБ им. А.А. Гвоздева АО «НИЦ «Строительство», Москва

2-я Институтская ул., д. 6, к. 5, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация

e-mail: vfstepanova@mail.ru 

Valentina F. Stepanova, Deputy Head for Research, Laboratory of Corrosion and Durability of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures, Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete named after A.A. Gvozdev, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow

2nd Institutskaya str., 6, bld. 5, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation

e-mail: vfstepanova@mail.ru 

Центральные научно-реставрационные проектные мастерские; АО «НИЦ «Строительство»РоссияCentral Scientific and Restoration Project Workshops; JSC Research Center of ConstructionRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и технологический институт бетона и железобетона (НИИЖБ) им. А.А. Гвоздева АО «НИЦ «Строительство»РоссияResearch Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete named after A.A. Gvozdev, JSC Research Center of ConstructionRussian Federation202503072025452122134Copyright © Шейкин Е.В., Степанова В.Ф., 20252025Шейкин Е.В., Степанова В.Ф.Sheikin E.V., Stepanova V.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/535Введение

Введение. В отличие от однородных материалов разрушение слоистых систем кладочного типа начинается не с поверхности, а одновременно во всем объеме. Причиной этого является возникновение на стыке слоев особого пограничного пространства, свойства которого могут существенно отличаться от свойств обоих контактирующих материалов. Несмотря на значительное количество работ, посвященных особенностям и закономерностям формирования этого пространства, нет ни одной, которая рассматривала бы особенности пограничного пространства в качестве ключевого фактора развития деструктивного процесса кладочной системы в целом.

Цель

Цель. Разработка подхода к механизму разрушения слоистых пористых систем кладочного типа объектов культурного наследия, долговременно находящихся под влиянием эксплуатационных факторов.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Представленная модель базируется на основе анализа проявлений основных физических механизмов разрушения в условиях межслойного пограничного пространства кладочной системы.

Результаты

Результаты. Участки резкого перепада пор приводят к блокированию транспорта жидкой среды и ее испарению. Сопутствующая этому процессу аккумуляция в зоне испарения содержащихся в жидкой среде примесей уменьшает размер пор и со временем способствует запуску усадочно-деформативного (сорбционного) и кристаллизационного механизмов разрушения.

Выводы

Выводы. Процессы деструкции в слоистых системах кладочного типа определяются изначальным существованием и дальнейшим развитием внутренних зон испарения. Эти микрозоны связаны с пограничными участками на стыке слоев, которые во множестве распределены внутри конструкции. В связи с этим процессы деструкции могут одновременно развиваться во всем объеме конструкции, ограничиваясь лишь участками, недостижимыми для прямого увлажнения. Из сказанного становится очевидным, что в условиях слоистых систем кладочного типа процесс деструкции носит саморазвивающийся характер, решающим фактором в котором служит доступ жидкой среды.

Introduction

Introduction. In contrast to homogeneous materials, fracture of layered masonry systems starts throughout the entire volume and not from the surface. This is due to a special boundary space emerging at the layer junction with the properties significantly different from those of both contacting materials. Despite the considerable number of works devoted to the features and patterns of its formation, the boundary space as a key factor in the fracture of the masonry system as a whole is still little touched upon.

Aim

Aim. To develop an approach to the facture mechanisms of layered porous masonry systems in cultural heritage objects operated for a long time.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The presented model analyzes the main physical fracture mechanisms in the interlayer boundary space of the masonry system.

Results

Results. Areas of sharp pore changes block transport of liquid and its evaporation. Impurities contained in the liquid medium and accumulated in the evaporation zone reduce the pore size and eventually contribute to the initiation of shrinkage-deformation (sorption) and crystallization mechanisms of fracture.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The facture processes in layered masonry systems are determined by the initial existence and further development of internal evaporation zones. These microzones are associated with boundary areas abundant at the layer junctions within the structure. In this regard, fracture processes develop simultaneously throughout the entire volume of the structure, being limited only to areas inaccessible for direct moistening. Thus, the fracture of layered masonry systems is self-developing and mainly determined by the access of a liquid medium.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.