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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikcstroy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник НИЦ «Строительство»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-9494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3938</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/2224-9494-2025-4(47)-118-131</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZSHBQQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikcstroy-586</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОСНОВАНИЯ И ФУНДАМЕНТЫ, ПОДЗЕМНЫЕ СООРУЖЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOUNDATIONS, UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Жидкий грунт: инновационная технология обратной засыпки и стабилизации оснований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Controlled low strength material: innovative technology for backfilling and stabilizing foundations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулятьев</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulyatyev</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Александрович Шулятьев, д-р техн. наук, заместитель директора по научной работе, НИИОСП им. Н.М. Герсеванова АО «НИЦ «Строительство», Москва</p><p>Рязанский проспект, д. 59, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: office@niiosp.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Shulyatyev, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Deputy Director for Research, Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow</p><p>Ryazanskiy ave., 59, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: office@niiosp.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Геннадьевич Мартынов*, аспирант, инженер лаборатории освоения подземного пространства городов (№ 35), НИИОСП им. Н.М. Герсеванова АО «НИЦ «Строительство», Москва</p><p>Рязанский проспект, д. 59, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: gl.mdg@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii G. Martynov*, Postgraduate Student, Engineer of the Laboratory for the Development of Underground Space of Cities (No. 35), Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow</p><p>Ryazanskiy ave., 59, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: gl.mdg@yandex.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вячеслав Валентинович Орехов, д-р техн. наук, главный специалист экспертно-аналитического отдела, НИИОСП им. Н.М. Герсеванова АО «НИЦ «Строительство», Москва</p><p>Рязанский проспект, д. 59, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav V. Orekhov, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Chief Specialist, Expert and Analytical Department, Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow</p><p>Ryazanskiy ave., 59, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапошников</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaposhnikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Васильевич Шапошников, канд. техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории освоения подземного пространства городов (№ 35), НИИОСП им. Н.М. Герсеванова АО «НИЦ «Строительство», Москва</p><p>Рязанский проспект, д. 59, г. Москва, 109428, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Shaposhnikov, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory for the Development of Underground Space of Cities (No. 35), Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow</p><p>Ryazanskiy ave., 59, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский, проектно-изыскательский и конструкторско-технологический институт оснований и подземных сооружений (НИИОСП) им. Н.М. Герсеванова АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>47</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шулятьев О.А., Мартынов Д.Г., Орехов В.В., Шапошников А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шулятьев О.А., Мартынов Д.Г., Орехов В.В., Шапошников А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulyatyev O.A., Martynov D.G., Orekhov V.V., Shaposhnikov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/586">https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/586</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. При обратной засыпке траншей и пазух фундаментов в стесненных условиях традиционное виброуплотнение часто дает неравномерные осадки, что критично для больших труб, а также для пазух фундаментов, особенно для просадочных и набухающих грунтов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить применимость «жидкого грунта» (самоуплотняющегося грунтового композита) как альтернативу классическим засыпкам, с фокусом на управляемые прочностные свойства, однородность заполнения и возможность повторной выемки.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализированы лабораторные и опытно-промышленные данные из Германии, Китая и США, а также первые российские внедрения. Рассмотрены составы на основе местных глинистых и песчаных грунтов с добавлением цемента, золы-уноса, бентонита и модификаторов. Оценивалось влияние водоцементного отношения, гранулометрии и доли цемента (≈6–12 %) на подвижность (расплыв) и прочность на сжатие.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Жидкий грунт обеспечивает высокую однородность заполнения и снижает потребность в виброуплотнении. Смеси с 12 % цемента показали наибольшую чувствительность подвижности к незначительному увеличению воды. Достигаемая прочность на сжатие порядка 0,5–2,0 МПа достаточна для эксплуатационных требований при сохранении реэкскавации для составов с пониженным вяжущим. Практика Германии, Китая, США и России подтверждает технологическую универсальность при реконструкции и в условиях проблемных грунтов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Технология «жидкий грунт» снижает риски осадок и вибровоздействий, обеспечивает самоуплотнение и допускает повторную разработку массива. Основной барьер – отсутствие соответствующей нормативно-технической базы и стандартизации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Conventional vibration compaction for backfilling trenches and foundation cavities in cramped conditions often results in uneven settlement, which is critical for large pipes, especially in collapsible and swelling soils.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the applicability of controlled low strength material (CLSM) as an alternative to conventional backfills with a focus on controlled strength properties, uniformity of filling, and possibility of re-excavation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The present paper reviews laboratory and pilot-scale data from Germany, China, and the USA, as well as initial Russian implementations. The mixtures based on local clay and sandy soils with the addition of cement, fly ash, bentonite, and modifiers are considered. The effects of water-cement ratio, granulometry, and cement fraction (≈6–12 %) on the flow rate (spread) and compressive strength of mixtures is assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. CLSM ensures high uniformity of filling and reduces the need for vibration compaction. Mixtures with 12 % cement show the greatest sensitivity of the flow rate to small increases in water content. The achieved compressive strength of about 0.5–2.0 MPa meets operational requirements while maintaining re-excavation for mixtures with reduced binder. The practice of Germany, China, the USA, and Russian Federation confirms the technological versatility for reconstruction and problematic soil conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. CLSM technology reduces the risk of settlement and vibration, ensuring self-compaction and re-excavation of the soil mass. The main barrier is the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework and standardization.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жидкий грунт</kwd><kwd>самоуплотняющийся композит</kwd><kwd>обратная засыпка</kwd><kwd>CLSM/Flüssigboden</kwd><kwd>просадочные и набухающие грунты</kwd><kwd>реэкскавация</kwd><kwd>водоцементное отношение</kwd><kwd>прочность на сжатие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>controlled low strength material</kwd><kwd>backfill</kwd><kwd>CLSM/Flüssigboden</kwd><kwd>collapsible and swelling soils</kwd><kwd>re-excavation</kwd><kwd>water-cement ratio</kwd><kwd>compressive strength</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Круглей Е.В., Волченко Д.И.&lt;/i&gt; Способ изготовления искусственного грунта «Литогрунт»: Патент RU 2 682 920 C1. 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