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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikcstroy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник НИЦ «Строительство»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2224-9494</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3938</issn><publisher><publisher-name>АО «НИЦ «Строительство»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37538/2224-9494-2024-4(43)-232-245</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BZOOMP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikcstroy-487</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи по материалам I конференции по каменным конструкциям «Онищиковские чтения»</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles on the materials of the 1st Conference on Masonry Structures “Onishсhikovskie Сhtenija”</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные анизотропные критерии и предельные поверхности прочности каменной кладки при плоском напряженном состоянии для расчета в программных комплексах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern anisotropic criteria and limiting surfaces of masonry strength under plane stress state for calculations in software packages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смагин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smagin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Васильевич Смагин*, аспирант кафедры теории сооружений и технической механики, ННГАСУ, Нижний Новгород</p><p>ул. Ильинская, д. 65, г. Нижний Новгород, 603000, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: ivsmag@vk.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya V. Smagin*, Postgraduate Student, Department of Theory of Structures and Technical Mechanics, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Nizhny Novgorod</p><p>Ilyinskaya str, 65, Nizhny Novgorod, 603000, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: ivsmag@vk.com</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихачева</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhacheva</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Юрьевна Лихачева, канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент, профессор кафедры теории сооружений и технической механики, ННГАСУ, Нижний Новгород</p><p>ул. Ильинская, д. 65, г. Нижний Новгород, 603000, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: lihsvetlana@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Yu. Likhacheva, Cand. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Theory of Structures and Technical Mechanics, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Nizhny Novgorod</p><p>Ilyinskaya str, 65, Nizhny Novgorod, 603000, Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: lihsvetlana@yandex.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздеев</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdeev</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Леонидович Поздеев, аспирант кафедры теории сооружений и технической механики, ННГАСУ, Нижний Новгород; инженер-исследователь, ООО «Автоматизация проектных работ» (ГК «SCAD Soft»), Москва</p><p>ул. Ильинская, д. 65, г. Нижний Новгород, 603000, Российская Федерация; Рубцовская наб., д. 4, к. 1, помещ. VII, г. Москва, 105082, Российская Федерация</p><p>e-mail: pm@scadsoft.ru</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim L. Pozdeev, Postgraduate Student, Department of Theory of Structures and Technical Mechanics, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Nizhny Novgorod; Research Engineer, Automation of Design Work (SCAD Soft Group), Moscow</p><p>Ilyinskaya str, 65, Nizhny Novgorod, 603000, Russian Federation; Rubtsovskaya nab., 4, bld. 1, room VII, Moscow, 105082,  Russian Federation</p><p>e-mail: pm@scadsoft.ru</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (ННГАСУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет (ННГАСУ); ООО «Автоматизация проектных работ» (ГК «SCAD Soft»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering; Automation of Design Works (SCAD Soft Group)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>232</fpage><lpage>245</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Смагин И.В., Лихачева С.Ю., Поздеев М.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Смагин И.В., Лихачева С.Ю., Поздеев М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Smagin I.V., Likhacheva S.Y., Pozdeev M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/BZOOMP">https://vestnik.cstroy.ru/jour/article/view/BZOOMP</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Для оценки прочности элементов пространственных несущих конструкций при автоматизированном расчете с использованием теории пластического течения необходимо задаться условием прочности, геометрическая интерпретация которого является поверхностью в пространстве напряжений. Выход точки, изображающей напряженное состояние, за пределы описанной поверхности в процессе нагружения расчетной модели означает разрушение материала. Для оценки прочности конструкций из каменных кладок необходимо учитывать особенности материала, такие как разносопротивляемость, зависимость прочности от угла анизотропии, различные значения двухосной прочности, что накладывает ограничение на использование существующих предельных поверхностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Обзор существующих критериев прочности, описание их преимуществ и недостатков, а также границ применимости для прочностного моделирования элементов конструкций из каменной кладки.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обзор существующих критериев прочности проводится на актуальных источниках. Для оценки точности аппроксимации условий прочности экспериментальных данных, полученных при испытаниях, используются численные методы, реализованные на языке Python с использованием библиотек Numpy, Sympy, а также MatplotLib для графической визуализации полученных результатов. Теория тензорного исчисления используется для описания действующего и предельного напряженного состояния в элементарной точке конструкции, а аспекты линейной алгебры – для записи соотношений механических констант материала.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получена оценка точности аппроксимации экспериментальных данных критерием прочности Willam – Warnke в сравнении с критерием прочности Гениева для плоского напряженного состояния каменной кладки. В статье приводится краткий обзор существующих моделей прочности кладки с описанием их физических интерпретаций и применяемых подходов.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Существующие критерии прочности имеют недостатки, такие как неточность аппроксимации экспериментальных данных, сложность реализации компьютерных расчетов, неполное описание прочностных свойств, феноменологичность используемых подходов. Актуальна разработка нового специализированного критерия для полноценного описания модели прочности каменной кладки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Assessing the strength of elements in spatial load-bearing structures during automated calculations using plastic flow theory requires establishing a strength condition, the geometric interpretation of which is represented as a surface in stress space. The exit of the point depicting the stressed state beyond the described surface during the loading of the computational model indicates material failure. Evaluating the strength of masonry structures implies considering material characteristics such as differential resistance, the dependence of strength on the angle of anisotropy, and various values of biaxial strength, which imposes limitations on the use of existing limiting surfaces.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To review existing strength criteria, describe their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their applicability limits for strength modeling of masonry elements.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The review of existing strength criteria is based on relevant sources. Assessing the accuracy of approximation for the strength conditions of the experimental data obtained from tests involved numerical methods implemented in Python using Numpy, Sympy, and Matplotlib libraries for graphical visualization of the results. Tensor calculus theory is utilized to describe the actual and ultimate stress states at an elementary point of the structure, while aspects of linear algebra are used to record the relationships of mechanical constants of the material.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The accuracy of approximation for experimental data using the Willam-Warnke strength criterion is assessed in comparison with the Geniev strength criterion for the plane stress state of masonry. The paper provides a brief overview of existing masonry strength models, describing their physical interpretations and applied approaches.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Existing strength criteria have disadvantages, such as inaccuracies in approximation of experimental data, complexity in implementing computational calculations, incomplete descriptions of strength properties, and phenomenology of the approaches used. The development of a new specialized criterion for a comprehensive description of masonry strength models is considered relevant.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>каменная кладка</kwd><kwd>теория течения</kwd><kwd>анизотропный критерий прочности</kwd><kwd>плоское и объемное напряженное состояние</kwd><kwd>композиты</kwd><kwd>критерий Гениева</kwd><kwd>критерий Willam – Warnke</kwd><kwd>Python</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>masonry</kwd><kwd>flow theory</kwd><kwd>anisotropic strength criterion</kwd><kwd>plane and volumetric stress state</kwd><kwd>composites</kwd><kwd>Geniev criterion</kwd><kwd>Willam – Warnke criterion</kwd><kwd>Python</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;i&gt;Капустин С.А., Лихачева С.Ю&lt;/i&gt;. Моделирование процессов деформирования и разрушения материалов с периодически повторяющейся структурой. 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