Controlled low strength material: innovative technology for backfilling and stabilizing foundations
https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2025-4(47)-118-131
EDN: ZSHBQQ
Abstract
Introduction. Conventional vibration compaction for backfilling trenches and foundation cavities in cramped conditions often results in uneven settlement, which is critical for large pipes, especially in collapsible and swelling soils.
Aim. To evaluate the applicability of controlled low strength material (CLSM) as an alternative to conventional backfills with a focus on controlled strength properties, uniformity of filling, and possibility of re-excavation.
Materials and methods. The present paper reviews laboratory and pilot-scale data from Germany, China, and the USA, as well as initial Russian implementations. The mixtures based on local clay and sandy soils with the addition of cement, fly ash, bentonite, and modifiers are considered. The effects of water-cement ratio, granulometry, and cement fraction (≈6–12 %) on the flow rate (spread) and compressive strength of mixtures is assessed.
Results. CLSM ensures high uniformity of filling and reduces the need for vibration compaction. Mixtures with 12 % cement show the greatest sensitivity of the flow rate to small increases in water content. The achieved compressive strength of about 0.5–2.0 MPa meets operational requirements while maintaining re-excavation for mixtures with reduced binder. The practice of Germany, China, the USA, and Russian Federation confirms the technological versatility for reconstruction and problematic soil conditions.
Conclusions. CLSM technology reduces the risk of settlement and vibration, ensuring self-compaction and re-excavation of the soil mass. The main barrier is the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework and standardization.
About the Authors
O. A. Shulyatyev
Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Oleg A. Shulyatyev, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Deputy Director for Research, Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow
Ryazanskiy ave., 59, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation
e-mail: office@niiosp.ru
D. G. Martynov
Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dmitrii G. Martynov*, Postgraduate Student, Laboratory for the Development of Underground Space of Cities (No. 35), Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow
Ryazanskiy ave., 59, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation
e-mail: gl.mdg@yandex.ru
V. V. Orekhov
Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vyacheslav V. Orekhov, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Chief Specialist, Expert and Analytical Department, Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures named after N.M. Gersevanov, JSC Research Center of Construction, Moscow
Ryazanskiy ave., 59, Moscow, 109428, Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Shulyatyev O.A., Martynov D.G., Orekhov V.V. Controlled low strength material: innovative technology for backfilling and stabilizing foundations. Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction. 2025;47(4):118-131. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2025-4(47)-118-131. EDN: ZSHBQQ
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